Once water inside the boiler or steam generator, the process of adding the latent heat of vaporization or enthalpy is underway. The boiler transfers energy to the water by the chemical reaction of burning some type of fuel.
The water enters the boiler through a section in the convection pass called the economizer. From the economizer it passes to the steam drum. Once the water enters the steam drum it goes down the downcomers to the lower inlet waterwall headers. From the inlet headers the water rises through the waterwalls and is eventually turned into steam due to the heat being generated by the burners located on the front and rear waterwalls (typically). As the water is turned into steam/vapor in the waterwalls, the steam/vapor once again enters the steam drum. The steam/vapor is passed through a series of steam and water separators and then dryers inside the steam drum. The steam separators and dryers remove water droplets from the steam and the cycle through the waterwalls is repeated. This process is known as natural circulation.
The boiler furnace auxiliary equipment includes coal feed nozzles and igniter guns, soot blowers, water lancing and observation ports (in the furnace walls) for observation of the furnace interior. Furnace explosions due to any accumulation of combustible gases after a trip-out are avoided by flushing out such gases from the combustion zone before igniting the coal.
The steam drum (as well as the superheater coils and headers) have air vents and drains needed for initial startup. The steam drum has internal devices that removes moisture from the wet steam entering the drum from the steam generating tubes. The dry steam then flows into the superheater coils
The water enters the boiler through a section in the convection pass called the economizer. From the economizer it passes to the steam drum. Once the water enters the steam drum it goes down the downcomers to the lower inlet waterwall headers. From the inlet headers the water rises through the waterwalls and is eventually turned into steam due to the heat being generated by the burners located on the front and rear waterwalls (typically). As the water is turned into steam/vapor in the waterwalls, the steam/vapor once again enters the steam drum. The steam/vapor is passed through a series of steam and water separators and then dryers inside the steam drum. The steam separators and dryers remove water droplets from the steam and the cycle through the waterwalls is repeated. This process is known as natural circulation.
The boiler furnace auxiliary equipment includes coal feed nozzles and igniter guns, soot blowers, water lancing and observation ports (in the furnace walls) for observation of the furnace interior. Furnace explosions due to any accumulation of combustible gases after a trip-out are avoided by flushing out such gases from the combustion zone before igniting the coal.
The steam drum (as well as the superheater coils and headers) have air vents and drains needed for initial startup. The steam drum has internal devices that removes moisture from the wet steam entering the drum from the steam generating tubes. The dry steam then flows into the superheater coils
Hey friend I want share with you something hope this one good for you. Be sure to communicate all pertinent information regarding your application to the manufacturer when you request a quotation. Most manufacturers have a design questionnaire available for you to use when collecting data for a heat exchanger application. There is some basic data needed for the fluids on both the hot and cold sides to properly size a plate and frame heat exchanger. They include the fluids names, the flow rates of each, the physical properties (specific gravity, specific heat, thermal conductivity and viscosities) if the fluids are other than water or glycols, design pressure and the maximum allowable pressure drops for the heat exchanger. Please include any potential issues such as erosion, particulates, fouling, etc., if applicable.
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Check with APV for chemical compatibility between the heat exchanger components and your process liquids and any possible cleaning solutions. An overwhelming number of PHE’s use 316 stainless steel plates. 316 SS is compatible with and corrosion resistant to many chemicals commonly found in plants today. However, one chemical that is not friendly to 316 SS is chlorides. Operating temperatures as well as chloride concentration play an important role in determining material selection. For example, 316 SS plates can be used when the fluid contains maximum chloride levels at the following corresponding operating temperatures: 180 ppm at 122°F, 120 ppm at 170°F and 50 ppm at 212°F. It is quite common to use a plate and frame heat exchanger with a cooling tower. The design of the plate heat exchanger should also take into account the water treatment chemicals being used for the tower. If you are thinking of switching to more aggressive water treatment chemicals to remedy a water quality problem on an existing cooling tower, then it’s a good idea to double check the level of chlorides that could be present in your system. A common practice is to CIP (clean-in-place) the heat exchanger. This generally involves circulating a cleaning solution, such as caustic, throughout the system.
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Be sure to communicate all pertinent information regarding your application to the manufacturer when you request a quotation. Two liquid streams, referred to as the "hot side" and the "cold side," go into and come out of a heat exchanger (figure 1). As a result, there are four temperatures to consider when sizing the heat exchanger: hot side inlet, hot side outlet, cold side inlet and cold side outlet.
ReplyDeleteThe minimum information needed to size the heat exchanger for both the hot and cold sides are: fluid names, flow rates, inlet temperature, outlet temperature, operating pressures and maximum pressure drop allowed across the unit. For fluids that are uncommon or proprietary, physical properties such as viscosity at inlet and outlet temperatures, thermal conductivity, specific gravity and specific heat will be needed. Most manufacturers have a design questionnaire available for you to use when collecting data for a heat exchanger application and would be eager to furnish you with a copy.
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